![]() The annual industry consumption is very low, around 100 kilograms (300 lb), whereas vanillin is over 1.2 × 10 ^ 6 kg (2.6 × 10 ^ 6 lb) annually. In 1965, the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association's GRAS program (FEMA 22) added castoreum extract and castoreum liquid. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration lists castoreum extract as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food additive. Some classic perfumes incorporating castor are Emeraude, Chanel Antaeus, Cuir de Russie, Magie Noire, Lancôme Caractère, Hechter Madame, Givenchy III, Shalimar, and many "leather" themed compositions. The dried beaver castor sacs are generally aged for two or more years to mellow.Ĭastoreum is largely used for its note suggesting leather, typically compounded with other ingredients including top, middle, and base notes. In perfumery, the term castoreum refers to the resinoid extract resulting from the dried and alcohol tinctured beaver castor. ![]() North American beavers at the Smithsonian National Zoo, in Washington, D.C. It also contains nupharamine alkaloids and castoramine, and cis- cyclohexane-1,2-diol. All those compounds are gathered from plant food. Other compounds are: benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, borneol, o-cresol, 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, hydroquinone, phenol. There are also oxygen-containing monoterpenes such as 6-methyl-l-heptanol, 4,6-dimethyl-l-heptanol, isopinocamphone, pinocamphone, and two linalool oxides and their acetates. Five additional compounds elicit a weaker response: 4-methylcatechol, 4-methoxyacetophenone, 5-methoxysalicylic acid, salicylaldehyde, and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. Several of these have pheromonal activity, of which the phenols 4-ethylphenol and catechol and the ketones acetophenone and 3-hydroxyacetophenone were strongest. Chemical composition Īt least 24 compounds are known constituents of beaver castoreum. ![]() The sacs brought C$92–$180/kg ($2.62–$5.10/oz) when auctioned at the May–June 2016 North American Fur Auction. It is used as a tincture in some perfumes and was sometimes used as a food additive in the early 1900s. The castor sacs are not true glands ( endocrine or exocrine) on a cellular level, hence references to these structures as preputial glands, castor glands, or scent glands are misnomers. Both beaver sexes have a pair of castor sacs and a pair of anal glands, located in two cavities under the skin between the pelvis and the base of the tail. Beavers use castoreum in combination with urine to scent mark their territory. ![]() Castoreum / k æ s ˈ t ɔːr i ə m/ is a yellowish exudate from the castor sacs of mature beavers. ![]()
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